United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. New American Bible. Retrieved July, 2010 from http://www.usccb.org/nab/bible/index.shtml
| Psalm 3 Trust in God |
Psalm 4 Trust in God |
| Psalm 6 An Appeal to God's Mercy |
Psalm 8 Divine Majesty and Human Dignity |
| Psalm 13 Faith in God During Prolonged Suffering |
Psalm 22 Faith and Praise During Times of Trial |
| Psalm 23 Trust in God's Loving Care |
Psalm 27 Trust in God |
| Psalm 39 Lament of the Sick |
Psalm 40 Gratitude and Prayer for Help |
| Psalm 46 God, the Protector of Zion |
Psalm 62 Trust in God Alone |
| Psalm 66 Praise of God for His Deliverance |
Psalm 69 A Cry of Anguish in Great Distress |
| Psalm 77 A Cry for Deliverance |
Psalm 84 Eager for God's Presence |
| Psalm 86 Prayer in Time of Distress |
Psalm 91 Confidence in God's Protection |
| Psalm 102 Prayer in Time of Distress |
Psalm 103 Praise of Divine Goodness |
| Psalm 116 Thanksgiving for Divine Rescue |
Psalm 118 Hymn of Thanksgiving |
| Psalm 121 A Pilgrim's Prayer for Jerusalem |
Psalm 139 God's Omnipresence and Omniscience |
| Psalm 143 A Prayer in Distress |
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Psalm 3
Trust in God
Historical Background
Most biblical scholars attribute the authorship of this Psalm to David. The first verse of the Psalm identifies it as having been written during the time when David's son, Absalom, rebelled against David in an attempt to overthrow David and make himself the king. A civil war followed, but David refused to fight against his son.
David fled Jerusalem to a place called Mahanaim and there watched the battle as the armies fought, sadly realizing that his own son had turned against him. As a man of God, and a father, David was unwilling to retaliate. He left revenge to the Lord. Victory ultimately came to David's army, but it was accompanied by great tragedy, as his son Absalom was killed in the battle that followed.
Devout Jews would find comfort in this Psalm when enemies taunted that God would not come to their rescue, or when events bewildered and confused them and they could not understand God's plan. They would find great comfort in the words of David when he faced a similar fate.
A Psalm of David, when he fled from his son Absalom.
How many are my foes, LORD! How many rise against me!
How many say of me, "God will not save that one." Selah
But you, LORD, are a shield around me; my glory, you keep my head high.
Whenever I cried out to the LORD, I was answered from the holy mountain. Selah
Whenever I lay down and slept, the LORD preserved me to rise again.
I do not fear, then, thousands of people arrayed against me on every side.
Arise, LORD! Save me, my God! You will shatter the jaws of all my foes; you will break the teeth of the wicked.
Safety comes from the LORD! Your blessing for your people! Selah
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Psalm 4
Trust in God
Historical Background
Many biblical scholars attribute the authorship of this Psalm to David. It appears to have been written when David was at Mahanaim, forsaken by his son and many of his friends and subjects, with only a few Philistine bodyguards to comfort him. Here, David does not despair or wallow in his troubles; he expresses gladness, peace, and assurance of safety in such an hour of trial.
It was possibly sung at night by the Jews as an emotional tranquilizer when troubled and having difficulty sleeping or going to sleep, or as a comfort when confronted with depression or loneliness.
1
For the leader; with stringed instruments. A Psalm of David.
2
Answer when I call, my saving God. In my troubles, you cleared a way; show me favor; hear my prayer.
3
How long will you people mock my honor, love what is worthless, chase after lies? Selah
4
Know that the LORD works wonders for the faithful; the LORD hears when I call out.
5
Tremble and do not sin; upon your beds ponder in silence.
6
Offer fitting sacrifice and trust in the LORD.
7
Many say, "May we see better times! LORD, show us the light of your face!" Selah
8
But you have given my heart more joy than they have when grain and wine abound.
9
In peace I shall both lie down and sleep, for you alone, LORD, make me secure.
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Psalm 6
An Appeal to God's Mercy
Historical Background
A number of biblical scholars think that David wrote this Psalm, possibly after David had killed Uriah in order to take his wife, Bathsheba. Bathsheba gave birth to a baby boy. The baby, however, was to die, and David, heartbroken and penitent for his sin, prays and asks God for forgiveness.
This is a wonderful cry of repentance from sinners seeking forgiveness when we have strayed from God.
1
For the leader; with stringed instruments, "upon the eighth." A Psalm of David.
2
Do not reprove me in your anger, LORD, nor punish me in your wrath.
3
Have pity on me, LORD, for I am weak; heal me, LORD, for my bones are trembling.
4
In utter terror is my soul-- and you, LORD, how long...?
5
Turn, LORD, save my life; in your mercy rescue me.
6
For who among the dead remembers you? Who praises you in Sheol?
7
I am wearied with sighing; all night long tears drench my bed; my couch is soaked with weeping.
8
My eyes are dimmed with sorrow, worn out because of all my foes.
9
Away from me, all who do evil! The LORD has heard my weeping.
The LORD has heard my prayer; the LORD takes up my plea.
My foes will be terrified and disgraced; all will fall back in sudden shame.
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Psalm 8
Divine Majesty and Human Dignity
Historical Background
While the author is not clear, some biblical scholars think that David wrote this Psalm. It was obviously written during the harvest time. While marveling at the limitless grandeur of God, the author is struck first by the smallness of human beings in creation, and then by the royal dignity and power that God has graciously bestowed upon them.
The author expresses amazement that a God so mighty, wonderful, powerful and yet, so tender and so personal that He is concerned about the whimper and the cry of an infant, would condescend to fellowship with sinful, weak, insignificant man.
1
For the leader; "upon the gittith." A Psalm of David.
2
O LORD, our Lord, how awesome is your name through all the earth! You have set your majesty above the heavens!
3
Out of the mouths of babes and infants you have drawn a defense against your foes, to silence enemy and avenger.
4
When I see your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and stars that you set in place--
5
What are humans that you are mindful of them, mere mortals that you care for them?
6
Yet you have made them little less than a god, crowned them with glory and honor.
7
You have given them rule over the works of your hands, put all things at their feet:
8
All sheep and oxen, even the beasts of the field,
9
The birds of the air, the fish of the sea, and whatever swims the paths of the seas.
10
O LORD, our Lord, how awesome is your name through all the earth!
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Psalm 13
Faith in God During Prolonged Suffering
Historical Background
Most biblical scholars attribute the authorship of this Psalm to David, written perhaps as David was being hunted by King Saul, whose jealousy of David had prompted him to make a vow to hunt down and kill David. The author expresses his fear that enemies will interpret his death as a divine judgment.
The heartfelt prayer is for deliverance that will signal to those enemies that the author enjoys God's favor, and ends with a confession of trust in God and a statement of praise.
This Psalm would have provided comfort to the Jews during periods of prolonged suffering.
1
For the leader. A Psalm of David.
2
How long, LORD? Will you utterly forget me? How long will you hide your face from me?
3
How long must I carry sorrow in my soul, grief in my heart day after day? How long will my enemy triumph over me?
4
Look upon me, answer me, LORD, my God! Give light to my eyes lest I sleep in death,
5
Lest my enemy say, "I have prevailed," lest my foes rejoice at my downfall.
6
I trust in your faithfulness. Grant my heart joy in your help that I may sing of the LORD, "How good our God has been to me!"
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Psalm 22
Faith and Praise During Times of Trial
Historical Background
Most biblical scholars attribute the authorship of this Psalm to David. It was written, perhaps, while fleeing when Saul was trying to kill him, or when he was running from Absalom because of his unwillingness to fight against Absalom's forces. Whatever the context, it was a time of tragic heartache for David.
The Jews rarely sang this Psalm, as it was one of their most sacred hymns. It is now one of the most widely recognized Psalms.
(From Kariemadom, Dr. Paul. The Lament on the CrossWas It Helplessness and Despair?In Biblical Problems. Retrieved August 1, 2010 from http://www.datanumeric.com/vlm/04-99/29.html )
"As he was dying on the Cross, Jesus cried out "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" (Mt 27:46, Mt 15:34). It is the first part of Psalm 22 that Jesus uttered at the moment of his death. Many have not grasped the meaning of these last words of Jesus and interpret this to be cry of weakness, fear and despair. Even on Calvary Jesus' words were misunderstood. "Listen he is calling for Elijah," they said (Mt 15:35).
In order to understand the meaning of Jesus' lament, we need to know the Old Testament background and the Jewish manner of praying. Most of the prayers of the Jewish liturgy were from the Psalms. There is no doubt that Jesus, who grew up in the school of the Psalms, made them the subject of his meditation and prayer.
The Gospel says that Jesus ".. cried in a loud voice.." (cf Mk 15:34). The root Greek word for "cried loudly" is "boao". It is a word that denotes prayer. What is implied here is that Jesus recited loudly the beginning of the Psalm and prayed the whole of Psalm 22, a Psalm of faith and hope, while hanging on the cross. It is clear that Jesus, who dies forgiving his enemies (cf Lk 23:34), is certainly not experiencing a moment of despair.
The hour when he prayed is also noteworthy. The ninth hour is 3 o'clock in the afternoon. This was the hour of the afternoon sacrifice and prayer in the Temple. Jesus, who was dying at the hour of prayer, was praying aloud to the Father, reciting Psalm 22, along with the community. As Jesus is viewing his passion, death and resurrection in the light of this Psalm, it has a significant place in the account of the passion.
This Psalm can be divided into two parts. The first part is 22:1-22 and the second 22:23-32. In the former, the righteous man is opening out his heart to God laying bare all his sufferings. To acknowledge oneself as one actually is before God is fundamental, existential prayer. There is nothing wrong in pointing out that God is far away from him. This is not despair. It is sincerity. True prayer. If it is the spirit of lament and questioning that we see in the first part of the Psalm, the latter part contains praise and glorification of God, surrender and hope.
While praying this Psalm, Jesus is expressing his pain openly and, at the same time, acknowledging his strong faith in God. Since Jesus had a deep and close relationship with God, he had the freedom to express his affliction sincerely before him. This expression became an entreaty in the end. Jesus' cry was a cry of pain, of triumph and of power, not of failure. "
1
For the leader; according to "The deer of the dawn." A Psalm of David.
2
My God, my God, why have you abandoned me? Why so far from my call for help, from my cries of anguish?
3
My God, I call by day, but you do not answer; by night, but I have no relief.
4
Yet you are enthroned as the Holy One; you are the glory of Israel.
5
In you our ancestors trusted; they trusted and you rescued them.
6
To you they cried out and they escaped; in you they trusted and were not disappointed.
7
But I am a worm, hardly human, scorned by everyone, despised by the people.
8
All who see me mock me; they curl their lips and jeer; they shake their heads at me:
9
"You relied on the LORD--let him deliver you; if he loves you, let him rescue you."
10
Yet you drew me forth from the womb, made me safe at my mother's breast.
11
Upon you I was thrust from the womb; since birth you are my God.
Do not stay far from me, for trouble is near, and there is no one to help.
Many bulls surround me; fierce bulls of Bashan encircle me.
They open their mouths against me, lions that rend and roar.
Like water my life drains away; all my bones grow soft. My heart has become like wax, it melts away within me.
As dry as a potsherd is my throat; my tongue sticks to my palate; you lay me in the dust of death.
Many dogs surround me; a pack of evildoers closes in on me. So wasted are my hands and feet
that I can count all my bones. They stare at me and gloat;
they divide my garments among them; for my clothing they cast lots.
But you, LORD, do not stay far off; my strength, come quickly to help me.
Deliver me from the sword, my forlorn life from the teeth of the dog.
Save me from the lion's mouth, my poor life from the horns of wild bulls.
Then I will proclaim your name to the assembly; in the community I will praise you:
"You who fear the LORD, give praise! All descendants of Jacob, give honor; show reverence, all descendants of Israel!
For God has not spurned or disdained the misery of this poor wretch, Did not turn away from me, but heard me when I cried out.
I will offer praise in the great assembly; my vows I will fulfill before those who fear him.
The poor will eat their fill; those who seek the LORD will offer praise. May your hearts enjoy life forever!"
All the ends of the earth will worship and turn to the LORD; All the families of nations will bow low before you.
For kingship belongs to the LORD, the ruler over the nations.
All who sleep in the earth will bow low before God; All who have gone down into the dust will kneel in homage.
And I will live for the LORD; my descendants will serve you.
The generation to come will be told of the Lord, that they may proclaim to a people yet unborn the deliverance you have brought.
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Psalm 23
Trust in God's Loving Care
Historical Background
Many biblical scholars think that David wrote this Psalm, possibly when he was at Mahanaim contemplating the battle between his forces and those of his son, Absalom during the civil war. Certainly, the author was grief-stricken and heartbroken, and it must have been one of the darkest hours of his life when he penned its beautiful words,
While many of the Psalms were prayed in times of trial, this one was probably reserved for the sharpest pain.
1
A Psalm of David. The LORD is my shepherd; there is nothing I lack.
2
In green pastures You let me graze; to safe waters You lead me;
3
You restore my strength. You guide me along the right path for the sake of your name.
4
Even when I walk through a dark valley, I fear no harm for You are at my side; Your rod and staff give me courage.
5
You set a table before me as my enemies watch; You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows.
6
Only goodness and love will pursue me all the days of my life; I will dwell in the house of the LORD for years to come.
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Psalm 27
Trust in God
Historical Background
It appears from the text that the author of this Psalm was David. Clues in the Psalm suggest that it was written after David had heard of the victory won by his army and of Absalom's death. Although pleased because he was still the king, he was heartbroken because his son had been killed in battle. It is called a "composite" Psalm because it has a "double expression" of David being both jubilant and mournful.
1
Of David. The LORD is my light and my salvation; whom do I fear? The LORD is my life's refuge; of whom am I afraid?
2
When evildoers come at me to devour my flesh, these my enemies and foes themselves stumble and fall.
3
Though an army encamp against me, my heart does not fear; though war be waged against me, even then do I trust.
4
One thing I ask of the LORD; this I seek: To dwell in the LORD'S house all the days of my life, to gaze on the LORD'S beauty, to visit his temple.
5
For God will hide me in his shelter in time of trouble, Will conceal me in the cover of his tent; and set me high upon a rock.
6
Even now my head is held high above my enemies on every side! I will offer in his tent sacrifices with shouts of joy; I will sing and chant praise to the LORD.
7
Hear my voice, LORD, when I call; have mercy on me and answer me.
8
"Come," says my heart, "seek God's face"; your face, LORD, do I seek!
9
Do not hide your face from me; do not repel your servant in anger. You are my help; do not cast me off; do not forsake me, God my savior!
10
Even if my father and mother forsake me, the LORD will take me in.
11
LORD, show me your way; lead me on a level path because of my enemies.
12
Do not abandon me to the will of my foes; malicious and lying witnesses have risen against me.
13
But I believe I shall enjoy the LORD'S goodness in the land of the living.
14
Wait for the LORD, take courage; be stouthearted, wait for the LORD!
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Psalm 39
Lament of the Sick
Historical Background
The author of this Psalm is not known. It is the lament of a mortally ill person who at first had resolved to remain silently submissive, but the grief was too much and now the author laments the brevity and vanity of life, yet remains hopeful. The author continues to express both acceptance of the illness and hope for healing.
1
For the leader, for Jeduthun. A Psalm of David.
2
I said, "I will watch my ways, lest I sin with my tongue; I will set a curb on my mouth."
3
Dumb and silent before the wicked, I refrained from any speech. But my sorrow increased;
4
my heart smoldered within me. In my thoughts a fire blazed up, and I broke into speech:
5
LORD, let me know my end, the number of my days, that I may learn how frail I am.
6
You have given my days a very short span; my life is as nothing before you. All mortals are but a breath. Selah
7
Mere phantoms, we go our way; mere vapor, our restless pursuits; we heap up stores without knowing for whom.
8
And now, Lord, what future do I have? You are my only hope.
9
From all my sins deliver me; let me not be the taunt of fools.
10
I was silent and did not open my mouth because you were the one who did this.
11
Take your plague away from me; I am ravaged by the touch of your hand.
12
You rebuke our guilt and chasten us; you dissolve all we prize like a cobweb. All mortals are but a breath. Selah
13
Listen to my prayer, LORD, hear my cry; do not be deaf to my weeping! I sojourn with you like a passing stranger, a guest, like all my ancestors.
14
Turn your gaze from me, that I may find peace before I depart to be no more.
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Psalm 40
Gratitude and Prayer for Help
Historical Background
The author could have been David, but it is not clear. We're also not certain of its historical context, but it is a thanksgiving for deliverance from some trouble. Here a thanksgiving has been combined with a lament that appears also in Psalm 70. The Psalmist describes the rescue in spatial terms--being raised up from the swampy underworld to firm earth where one can praise God. All who trust God will experience like protection! The Psalm stipulates the precise mode of thanksgiving: not animal sacrifice but open and enthusiastic proclamation of the salvation just experienced. A prayer for protection concludes.
1
For the leader. A Psalm of David.
2
I waited, waited for the LORD; who bent down and heard my cry,
3
Drew me out of the pit of destruction, out of the mud of the swamp, Set my feet upon rock, steadied my steps,
4
And put a new song in my mouth, a hymn to our God. Many shall look on in awe and they shall trust in the LORD.
5
Happy those whose trust is the LORD, who turn not to idolatry or to those who stray after falsehood.
6
How numerous, O LORD, my God, you have made your wondrous deeds! And in your plans for us there is none to equal you. Should I wish to declare or tell them, too many are they to recount.
7
sacrifice and offering you do not want; but ears open to obedience you gave me. Holocausts and sin-offerings you do not require;
8
so I said, "Here I am; your commands for me are written in the scroll.
9
To do your will is my delight; my God, your law is in my heart!"
10
I announced your deed to a great assembly; I did not restrain my lips; you, LORD, are my witness.
11
Your deed I did not hide within my heart; your loyal deliverance I have proclaimed. I made no secret of your enduring kindness to a great assembly.
12
LORD, do not withhold your compassion from me; may your enduring kindness ever preserve me.
13
For all about me are evils beyond count; my sins so overcome me I cannot see. They are more than the hairs of my head; my courage fails me.
14
LORD, graciously rescue me! Come quickly to help me, LORD!
15
Put to shame and confound all who seek to take my life. Turn back in disgrace those who desire my ruin.
16
Let those who say "Aha!" know dismay and shame.
17
But may all who seek you rejoice and be glad in you. May those who long for your help always say, "The LORD be glorified."
18
Though I am afflicted and poor, the Lord keeps me in mind. You are my help and deliverer; my God, do not delay!
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Psalm 46
God, the Protector of Zion
Historical Background
The author might have been Moses, possibly in praise and thanksgiving after the Israelites had completed crossing the Red Sea.
When the enemy has been defeated, or victory has been achieved, and God has triumphed over seeming destruction, this Psalm would be very appropriate reading.
1
For the leader. A song of the Korahites. According to alamoth.
2
God is our refuge and our strength, an ever-present help in distress.
3
Thus we do not fear, though earth be shaken and mountains quake to the depths of the sea,
4
Though its waters rage and foam and mountains totter at its surging. The LORD of hosts is with us; our stronghold is the God of Jacob. Selah
5
Streams of the river gladden the city of God, the holy dwelling of the Most High.
6
God is in its midst; it shall not be shaken; God will help it at break of day.
7
Though nations rage and kingdoms totter, God's voice thunders and the earth trembles.
8
The LORD of hosts is with us; our stronghold is the God of Jacob. Selah
9
Come and see the works of the LORD, who has done fearsome deeds on earth;
10
Who stops wars to the ends of the earth, breaks the bow, splinters the spear, and burns the shields with fire;
11
Who says: "Be still and confess that I am God! I am exalted among the nations, exalted on the earth."
12
The LORD of hosts is with us; our stronghold is the God of Jacob. Selah
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Psalm 62
Trust in God Alone
Historical Background
The author of this Psalm might be David, who may have possibly written it around the time of Absalom's rebellion. Absalom began to spread tales about the inefficiencies of his father, David, and how that he - Absalom - would judge the people better.
David began to hear of Absalom's treachery and may have composed a song of trust displaying his serenity from experiencing God's power and his anger toward the unjust rumors.
1
For the leader; al Jeduthun. A Psalm of David.
2
My soul rests in God alone, from whom comes my salvation.
3
God alone is my rock and salvation, my secure height; I shall never fall.
4
How long will you set upon people, all of you beating them down, As though they were a sagging fence or a battered wall?
5
Even from my place on high they plot to dislodge me. They delight in lies; they bless with their mouths, but inwardly they curse. Selah
6
My soul, be at rest in God alone, from whom comes my hope.
7
God alone is my rock and my salvation, my secure height; I shall not fall.
8
My safety and glory are with God, my strong rock and refuge.
9
Trust God at all times, my people! Pour out your hearts to God our refuge! Selah
10
Mortals are a mere breath, the powerful but an illusion; On a balance they rise; together they are lighter than air.
11
Do not trust in extortion; in plunder put no empty hope. Though wealth increase, do not set your heart upon it.
12
One thing God has said; two things I have heard: Power belongs to God;
13
so too, Lord, does kindness, And you render to each of us according to our deeds.
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Psalm 66
Praise of God for His Deliverance
Historical Background
The author might have been Hezekiah. Scripture tells us that Hezekiah was about to die and Isaiah councils him to set his house in order. Hezekiah turned his face to the wall, but ultimately decides to trust in the Lord instead of physicians to save him. He begged God for a reprieve from death, and God gave him 15 more years.
As often in thanksgiving Psalms, Hezekiah steps forward to teach the community what God has done.It is a very popular Psalm for those who face death.
1
For the leader. A song; a Psalm.
2
Shout joyfully to God, all you on earth; sing of his glorious name; give him glorious praise.
3
Say to God: "How awesome your deeds! Before your great strength your enemies cringe.
4
All on earth fall in worship before you; they sing of you, sing of your name!" Selah
5
Come and see the works of God, awesome in the deeds done for us.
6
He changed the sea to dry land; through the river they passed on foot. Therefore let us rejoice in him,
7
who rules by might forever, Whose eyes are fixed upon the nations. Let no rebel rise to challenge! Selah
8
Bless our God, you peoples; loudly sound his praise,
9
Who has kept us alive and not allowed our feet to slip.
10
You tested us, O God, tried us as silver tried by fire.
11
You led us into a snare; you bound us at the waist as captives.
12
You let captors set foot on our neck; we went through fire and water; then you led us out to freedom.
13
I will bring holocausts to your house; to you I will fulfill my vows,
14
The vows my lips pronounced and my mouth spoke in distress.
15
Holocausts of fatlings I will offer you and burnt offerings of rams; I will sacrifice oxen and goats. Selah
16
Come and hear, all you who fear God, while I recount what has been done for me.
17
I called to the Lord with my mouth; praise was upon my tongue.
18
Had I cherished evil in my heart, the Lord would not have heard.
19
But God did hear and listened to my voice in prayer.
20
Blessed be God, who did not refuse me the kindness I sought in prayer.
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Psalm 69
A Cry of Anguish in Great Distress
Historical Background
The author may have been David, who might have written it after the execution of his fourth son, Adonijah, after Solomon ascended to the throne. It is a lament complaining of suffering in language both metaphorical and literal exhaustion, alienation from family and community, and false accusation.
In the second part the Psalmist prays with special emphasis that his enemies be punished for all to see. Despite the pain, the Psalmist does not lose hope that all be set right, and promises public praise.
This Psalm depicts the suffering of the innocent just person vividly, as the author prays not so much for personal vengeance as for public vindication of God's justice. There was, at this time, no belief in an afterlife where such vindication could take place. Redress had to take place now, in the sight of all.
1
For the leader; according to "Lilies." Of David.
2
Save me, God, for the waters have reached my neck.
3
I have sunk into the mire of the deep, where there is no foothold. I have gone down to the watery depths; the flood overwhelms me.
4
I am weary with crying out; my throat is parched. My eyes have failed, looking for my God.
5
More numerous than the hairs of my head are those who hate me without cause. Too many for my strength are my treacherous enemies. Must I now restore what I did not steal?
6
God, you know my folly; my faults are not hidden from you.
7
Let those who wait for you, LORD of hosts, not be shamed through me. Let those who seek you, God of Israel, not be disgraced through me
8
For your sake I bear insult, shame covers my face.
9
I have become an outcast to my kin, a stranger to my mother's children.
10
Because zeal for your house consumes me, I am scorned by those who scorn you.
11
I have wept and fasted, but this led only to scorn.
12
I clothed myself in sackcloth; I became a byword for them.
13
They who sit at the gate gossip about me; drunkards make me the butt of their songs.
14
But I pray to you, LORD, for the time of your favor. God, in your great kindness answer me with your constant help.
15
Rescue me from the mire; do not let me sink. Rescue me from my enemies and from the watery depths.
16
Do not let the floodwaters overwhelm me, nor the deep swallow me, nor the mouth of the pit close over me.
17
Answer me, LORD, in your generous love; in your great mercy turn to me.
18
Do not hide your face from your servant; in my distress hasten to answer me.
19
Come and ransom my life; because of my enemies redeem me.
20
You know my reproach, my shame, my disgrace; before you stand all my foes.
21
Insult has broken my heart, and I am weak; I looked for compassion, but there was none, for comforters, but found none.
22
Instead they put gall in my food; for my thirst they gave me vinegar.
23
Make their own table a snare for them, a trap for their friends.
24
Make their eyes so dim they cannot see; keep their backs ever feeble.
25
Pour out your wrath upon them; let the fury of your anger overtake them.
26
Make their camp desolate, with none to dwell in their tents.
27
For they pursued the one you struck, added to the pain of the one you wounded.
28
Add that to their crimes; let them not attain to your reward.
29
Strike them from the book of the living; do not count them among the just!
30
But I am afflicted and in pain; let your saving help protect me, God,
31
That I may praise God's name in song and glorify it with thanksgiving.
32
My song will please the LORD more than oxen, more than bullocks with horns and hooves:
"See, you lowly ones, and be glad; you who seek God, take heart!
For the LORD hears the poor, does not spurn those in bondage.
Let the heavens and the earth sing praise, the seas and whatever moves in them!"
God will rescue Zion, rebuild the cities of Judah. God's servants shall dwell in the land and possess it;
it shall be the heritage of their descendants; those who love God's name shall dwell there.
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Psalm 77
A Cry for Deliverance
Historical Background
The author may have been Asaph. It was obviously written during a time of some approaching enemy or trouble. It was a community lament in which the author describes the anguish of Israel at God's silence when its very existence is at stake. The question thus posed to God is: Will you allow the people you created to be destroyed? In answer to their question, the community remembers how God brought the people into existence and His faithfulness.
1
For the leader; al Jeduthun. A Psalm of Asaph.
2
I cry aloud to God, cry to God to hear me.
3
On the day of my distress I seek the Lord; by night my hands are raised unceasingly; I refuse to be consoled.
4
When I think of God, I groan; as I ponder, my spirit grows faint. Selah
5
My eyes cannot close in sleep; I am troubled and cannot speak.
6
I consider the days of old; the years long past
7
I remember. In the night I meditate in my heart; I ponder and my spirit broods:
8
"Will the Lord reject us forever, never again show favor?
9
Has God's love ceased forever? Has the promise failed for all ages?
10
Has God forgotten mercy, in anger withheld compassion?" Selah
11
I conclude: "My sorrow is this, the right hand of the Most High has left us."
12
I will remember the deeds of the LORD; yes, your wonders of old I will remember.
13
I will recite all your works; your exploits I will tell.
14
Your way, O God, is holy; what god is as great as our God?
15
You alone are the God who did wonders; among the peoples you revealed your might.
16
With your arm you redeemed your people, the descendants of Jacob and Joseph. Selah
17
The waters saw you, God; the waters saw you and lashed about, trembled even to their depths.
18
The clouds poured down their rains; the thunderheads rumbled; your arrows flashed back and forth.
19
The thunder of your chariot wheels resounded; your lightning lit up the world; the earth trembled and quaked.
20
Through the sea was your path; your way, through the mighty waters, though your footsteps were unseen.
21
You led your people like a flock under the care of Moses and Aaron.
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Psalm 84
Eager for God's Presence
Historical Background
The author of this Psalm is not known. Certain Psalms are known to have been written for the sons of Korah, who were Levites. David had organized a choir for the temple and chose,as the singers, the family of Korah. Their task was to sing praise to the Lord. This Psalm was written for their use.
1
For the leader; "upon the gittith." A Psalm of the Korahites.
2
How lovely your dwelling, O LORD of hosts!
3
My soul yearns and pines for the courts of the LORD. My heart and flesh cry out for the living God.
4
As the sparrow finds a home and the swallow a nest to settle her young, My home is by your altars, LORD of hosts, my king and my God!
5
Happy are those who dwell in your house! They never cease to praise you. Selah
6
Happy are those who find refuge in you, whose hearts are set on pilgrim roads.
7
As they pass through the Baca valley, they find spring water to drink. Also from pools the Lord provides water for those who lose their way.
8
They pass through outer and inner wall and see the God of gods on Zion.
9
LORD of hosts, hear my prayer; listen, God of Jacob. Selah
10
O God, look kindly on our shield; look upon the face of your anointed.
11
Better one day in your courts than a thousand elsewhere. Better the threshold of the house of my God than a home in the tents of the wicked.
12
For a sun and shield is the LORD God, bestowing all grace and glory. The LORD withholds no good thing from those who walk without reproach.
13
O LORD of hosts, happy are those who trust in you!
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Psalm 86
Prayer in Time of Distress
Historical Background
Some biblical scholars attribute this Psalm to David. One thing is clear: David needs some reassurance of God's love and care, and he wants this reassurance to manifest itself in God making others aware of David's relationship with Him.
1
A prayer of David. Hear me, LORD, and answer me, for I am poor and oppressed.
2
Preserve my life, for I am loyal; save your servant who trusts in you.
3
You are my God; pity me, Lord; to you I call all the day.
4
Gladden the soul of your servant; to you, Lord, I lift up my soul.
5
Lord, you are kind and forgiving, most loving to all who call on you.
6
LORD, hear my prayer; listen to my cry for help.
7
In this time of trouble I call, for you will answer me.
8
None among the gods can equal you, O Lord; nor can their deeds compare to yours.
9
All the nations you have made shall come to bow before you, Lord, and give honor to your name.
10
For you are great and do wondrous deeds; and you alone are God.
11
Teach me, LORD, your way that I may walk in your truth, single-hearted and revering your name.
12
I will praise you with all my heart, glorify your name forever, Lord my God.
13
Your love for me is great; you have rescued me from the depths of Sheol.
14
O God, the arrogant have risen against me; a ruthless band has sought my life; to you they pay no heed.
15
But you, Lord, are a merciful and gracious God, slow to anger, most loving and true.
16
Turn to me, have pity on me; give your strength to your servant; save this child of your handmaid.
17
Give me a sign of your favor: make my enemies see, to their confusion, that you, LORD, help and comfort me.
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Psalm 91
Confidence in God's Protection
Historical Background
The author might have been: Moses, written possibly upon leaving the desert where the community had been traveling for forty years, and close to their final destination, the Promised Land.
1
You who dwell in the shelter of the Most High, who abide in the shadow of the Almighty,
2
Say to the LORD, "My refuge and fortress, my God in whom I trust."
3
God will rescue you from the fowler's snare, from the destroying plague,
4
Will shelter you with pinions, spread wings that you may take refuge; God's faithfulness is a protecting shield.
5
You shall not fear the terror of the night nor the arrow that flies by day,
6
Nor the pestilence that roams in darkness, nor the plague that ravages at noon.
7
Though a thousand fall at your side, ten thousand at your right hand, near you it shall not come.
8
You need simply watch; the punishment of the wicked you will see.
9
You have the LORD for your refuge; you have made the Most High your stronghold.
10
No evil shall befall you, no affliction come near your tent.
11
For God commands the angels to guard you in all your ways.
12
With their hands they shall support you, lest you strike your foot against a stone.
13
You shall tread upon the asp and the viper, trample the lion and the dragon.
14
Whoever clings to me I will deliver; whoever knows my name I will set on high.
15
All who call upon me I will answer; I will be with them in distress; I will deliver them and give them honor.
16
With length of days I will satisfy them and show them my saving power.
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Psalm 102
Prayer in Time of Distress
Historical Background
This Psalm appears to have been written while the Israelites were in captivity, implying that it was written by Ezekiel, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah or some leader. It seems likely, based upon the phrasing, that it was written at the close at the close of the 70 years of captivity in Babylon.
1
The prayer of one afflicted and wasting away whose anguish is poured out before the LORD.
2
LORD, hear my prayer; let my cry come to you.
3
Do not hide your face from me now that I am in distress. Turn your ear to me; when I call, answer me quickly.
4
For my days vanish like smoke; my bones burn away as in a furnace.
5
I am withered, dried up like grass, too wasted to eat my food.
6
From my loud groaning I become just skin and bones.
7
I am like a desert owl, like an owl among the ruins.
8
I lie awake and moan, like a lone sparrow on the roof.
9
All day long my enemies taunt me; in their rage, they make my name a curse.
10
I eat ashes like bread, mingle my drink with tears.
11
Because of your furious wrath, you lifted me up just to cast me down.
12
My days are like a lengthening shadow; I wither like the grass.
13
But you, LORD, are enthroned forever; your renown is for all generations.
14
You will again show mercy to Zion; now is the time for pity; the appointed time has come.
15
Its stones are dear to your servants; its dust moves them to pity.
16
The nations shall revere your name, LORD, all the kings of the earth, your glory,
17
Once the LORD has rebuilt Zion and appeared in glory,
18
Heeding the plea of the lowly, not scorning their prayer.
19
Let this be written for the next generation, for a people not yet born, that they may praise the LORD:
20
"The LORD looked down from the holy heights, viewed the earth from heaven,
21
To attend to the groaning of the prisoners, to release those doomed to die."
22
Then the LORD'S name will be declared on Zion, the praise of God in Jerusalem,
23
When all peoples and kingdoms gather to worship the LORD.
24
God has shattered my strength in mid-course, has cut short my days.
25
I plead, O my God, do not take me in the midst of my days. Your years last through all generations.
26
Of old you laid the earth's foundations; the heavens are the work of your hands.
27
They perish, but you remain; they all wear out like a garment; Like clothing you change them and they are changed,
28
but you are the same, your years have no end.
29
May the children of your servants live on; may their descendants live in your presence.
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Psalm 103
Praise of Divine Goodness
Historical Background
The author might have been Ezra, Zerubbabel, or perhaps Daniel. This Psalm was supposedly written either while the remnant of Jews held captive in Babylon were preparing to return to Palestine or as they returned. The speaker in this hymn begins by praising God for God's mercy toward all the people. Even sin cannot destroy that mercy, for the eternal God is well aware of the people's human fragility. The Psalmist invites the heavenly beings to join in praise.
1
Of David. Bless the LORD, my soul; all my being, bless his holy name!
2
Bless the LORD, my soul; do not forget all the gifts of God,
3
Who pardons all your sins, heals all your ills,
4
Delivers your life from the pit, surrounds you with love and compassion,
5
Fills your days with good things; your youth is renewed like the eagle's.
6
The LORD does righteous deeds, brings justice to all the oppressed.
7
His ways were revealed to Moses, mighty deeds to the people of Israel.
8
Merciful and gracious is the LORD, slow to anger, abounding in kindness.
9
God does not always rebuke, nurses no lasting anger,
10
Has not dealt with us as our sins merit, nor requited us as our deeds deserve.
11
As the heavens tower over the earth, so God's love towers over the faithful.
12
As far as the east is from the west, so far have our sins been removed from us.
13
As a father has compassion on his children, so the LORD has compassion on the faithful.
14
For he knows how we are formed, remembers that we are dust.
15
Our days are like the grass; like flowers of the field we blossom.
16
The wind sweeps over us and we are gone; our place knows us no more.
17
But the LORD'S kindness is forever, toward the faithful from age to age. He favors the children's children
18
of those who keep his covenant, who take care to fulfill its precepts.
19
The LORD'S throne is established in heaven; God's royal power rules over all.
20
Bless the LORD, all you angels, mighty in strength and attentive, obedient to every command.
21
Bless the LORD, all you hosts, ministers who do God's will.
22
Bless the LORD, all creatures, everywhere in God's domain. Bless the LORD, my soul!
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Psalm 116
Thanksgiving for Divine Rescue
Historical Background
It is unclear who wrote this Psalm, but it appears to have been written at a time of thanksgiving for congregational singing.
1
I love the LORD, who listened to my voice in supplication,
2
Who turned an ear to me on the day I called.
3
I was caught by the cords of death; the snares of Sheol had seized me; I felt agony and dread.
4
Then I called on the name of the LORD, "O LORD, save my life!"
5
Gracious is the LORD and just; yes, our God is merciful.
6
The LORD protects the simple; I was helpless, but God saved me.
7
Return, my soul, to your rest; the LORD has been good to you.
8
For my soul has been freed from death, my eyes from tears, my feet from stumbling.
9
I shall walk before the LORD in the land of the living.
10
I kept faith, even when I said, "I am greatly afflicted!"
11
I said in my alarm, "No one can be trusted!"
12
How can I repay the LORD for all the good done for me?
13
I will raise the cup of salvation and call on the name of the LORD.
14
I will pay my vows to the LORD in the presence of all his people.
15
Too costly in the eyes of the LORD is the death of his faithful.
16
LORD, I am your servant, your servant, the child of your maidservant; you have loosed my bonds.
17
I will offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving and call on the name of the LORD.
18
I will pay my vows to the LORD in the presence of all his people,
19
In the courts of the house of the LORD, in your midst, O Jerusalem. Hallelujah!
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Psalm 118
Hymn of Thanksgiving
Historical Background
We have no clues as to who wrote this Psalm. It is an antiphonal Psalm, which means it was sung responsively by a divided choir, or perhaps a divided congregation, while at other times, it was used as responsive singing between the congregation and the choir.
1
Give thanks to the LORD, who is good, whose love endures forever.
2
Let the house of Israel say: God's love endures forever.
3
Let the house of Aaron say, God's love endures forever.
4
Let those who fear the LORD say, God's love endures forever.
5
In danger I called on the LORD; the LORD answered me and set me free.
6
The LORD is with me; I am not afraid; what can mortals do against me?
7
The LORD is with me as my helper; I shall look in triumph on my foes.
8
Better to take refuge in the LORD than to put one's trust in mortals.
9
Better to take refuge in the LORD than to put one's trust in princes.
10
All the nations surrounded me; in the LORD'S name I crushed them.
11
They surrounded me on every side; in the LORD'S name I crushed them.
12
They surrounded me like bees; they blazed like fire among thorns; in the LORD'S name I crushed them.
13
I was hard pressed and falling, but the LORD came to my help.
14
The LORD, my strength and might, came to me as savior.
15
The joyful shout of deliverance is heard in the tents of the victors: "The LORD'S right hand strikes with power;
16
the LORD'S right hand is raised; the LORD'S right hand strikes with power."
17
I shall not die but live and declare the deeds of the LORD.
18
The LORD chastised me harshly, but did not hand me over to death.
19
Open the gates of victory; I will enter and thank the LORD.
20
This is the LORD'S own gate, where the victors enter.
21
I thank you for you answered me; you have been my savior.
22
The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.
23
By the LORD has this been done; it is wonderful in our eyes.
24
This is the day the LORD has made; let us rejoice in it and be glad.
25
LORD, grant salvation! LORD, grant good fortune!
26
Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD. We bless you from the LORD'S house.
27
The LORD is God and has given us light. Join in procession with leafy branches up to the horns of the altar.
28
You are my God, I give you thanks; my God, I offer you praise.
29
Give thanks to the LORD, who is good, whose love endures forever.
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Psalm 121
A Pilgrim's Prayer for Jerusalem
Historical Background
This Psalm may have been written by David or possibly Solomon. Psalms 120 to 134 are called "Psalms of Ascension." They were travel Psalms, used specifically for the three annual feasts. As the Jews would march to Jerusalem for the feast, they would sing these Psalms of Ascension. From anywhere in Israel, it was always "up" to Jerusalem, for Jerusalem was the highest point in the land. So as the people would ascend to Jerusalem, they would sing these songs one after another. Not only were they used for trips to the feasts and to Jerusalem, these were Psalms used for any journey.
1
A song of ascents. I raise my eyes toward the mountains. From where will my help come?
2
My help comes from the LORD, the maker of heaven and earth.
3
God will not allow your foot to slip; your guardian does not sleep.
4
Truly, the guardian of Israel never slumbers nor sleeps.
5
The LORD is your guardian; the LORD is your shade at your righthand.
6
By day the sun cannot harm you, nor the moon by night.
7
The LORD will guard you from all evil, will always guard your life.
8
The LORD will guard your coming and going both now and forever.
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Psalm 139
God's Omnipresence and Omniscience
Historical Background
Some scholars think that David composed this Psalm when a shepherd boy, as a meditation on God's omnipresence and omniscience. The author is keenly aware of God's all-knowing gaze, of God's presence in every part of the universe, and of God's control over the author's very self.
1
For the leader. A Psalm of David. O LORD, you have probed me, you know me:
2
you know when I sit and stand; you understand my thoughts from afar.
3
My travels and my rest you mark; with all my ways you are familiar.
4
Even before a word is on my tongue, LORD, you know it all.
5
Behind and before you encircle me and rest your hand upon me.
6
Such knowledge is beyond me, far too lofty for me to reach.
7
Where can I hide from your spirit? From your presence, where can I flee?
8
If I ascend to the heavens, you are there; if I lie down in Sheol, you are there too.
9
If I fly with the wings of dawn and alight beyond the sea,
10
Even there your hand will guide me, your right hand hold me fast.
11
If I say, "Surely darkness shall hide me, and night shall be my light" --
12
Darkness is not dark for you, and night shines as the day. Darkness and light are but one.
13
You formed my inmost being; you knit me in my mother's womb.
14
I praise you, so wonderfully you made me; wonderful are your works! My very self you knew;
15
my bones were not hidden from you, When I was being made in secret, fashioned as in the depths of the earth.
16
Your eyes foresaw my actions; in your book all are written down; my days were shaped, before one came to be.
17
How precious to me are your designs, O God; how vast the sum of them!
18
Were I to count, they would outnumber the sands; to finish, I would need eternity.
19
If only you would destroy the wicked, O God, and the bloodthirsty would depart from me!
20
Deceitfully they invoke your name; your foes swear faithless oaths.
21
Do I not hate, LORD, those who hate you? Those who rise against you, do I not loathe?
22
With fierce hatred I hate them, enemies I count as my own.
23
Probe me, God, know my heart; try me, know my concerns.
24
See if my way is crooked, then lead me in the ancient paths.
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Psalm 143
A Prayer in Distress
Historical Background
The author of this Psalm may have been David. Psalm 143 is one of the Church's seven Penitential Psalms, and this lament is a prayer to be freed from death-dealing enemies. The Psalmist addresses God, aware that there is no equality between God and humans and that salvation is a gift. Victimized by evil people, the Psalmist remembers God's past actions on behalf of the innocent and continues with fervent prayer for guidance and protection.
1
A Psalm of David. LORD, hear my prayer; in your faithfulness listen to my pleading; answer me in your justice.
2
Do not enter into judgment with your servant; before you no living being can be just.
3
The enemy has pursued me; they have crushed my life to the ground. They have left me in darkness like those long dead.
4
My spirit is faint within me; my heart is dismayed.
5
I remember the days of old; I ponder all your deeds; the works of your hands I recall.
6
I stretch out my hands to you; I thirst for you like a parched land. Selah
7
Hasten to answer me, LORD; for my spirit fails me. Do not hide your face from me, lest I become like those descending to the pit.
8
At dawn let me hear of your kindness, for in you I trust. Show me the path I should walk, for to you I entrust my life.
9
Rescue me, LORD, from my foes, for in you I hope.
10
Teach me to do your will, for you are my God. May your kind spirit guide me on ground that is level.
11
For your name's sake, LORD, give me life; in your justice lead me out of distress.
12
In your kindness put an end to my foes; destroy all who attack me, for I am your servant. Psalm
*Commentary for Psalms excerpted from
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. New American Bible. Retrieved July, 2010 from http://www.usccb.org/nab/bible/index.shtml; Hyles, Dr. Jack. The Story Behind the Psalms. Retrieved July, 2010 from http://www.baptist-city.com/Books1/The_Psalms.htm; Kariemadom, Dr. Paul. The Lament on the Cross-Was It Helplessness and Despair? In Biblical Problems. Retrieved August 1, 2010 from http://www.datanumeric.com/vlm/04-99/29.html );
